Auction 05

Eretz Israel, settlement, anti-Semitism, Holocaust and She'erit Ha-Pleita, postcards and photographs, letters by rabbis and rebbes, Chabad, Judaica, and more

April 1, 2020
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1. Palestine and the British Mandate - Collection of important publications in various languages. Half A of the 20th Century

A collection of 16 rare issues about the development of the Jewish community in Israel, Zionist organizations, different languages and places, Half A of the 20th. Century.

* Bat Ami BULLETIN FUER ZIONISTISCHE FRAUENORGANIZATIONNEN - Two issues of JNF, February 1934, September 1935.

* JUNG WIZO MONATSSCHRIFT Monthly Bulletin - WIZO Association Journal in Vienna. Three issues. October November 1933, February - March 1935, May - June 1935.

* This Life - A Land of Israel Weekly Painted Tel Aviv, Many Photographs by Avraham Suskin. Cheshvan 11, 1936.

* Bustenai - Eretz Israel Farmer Weekly by Smilansky and T. G. Miller, January 29, 1936.

* New Judaea, London, May 1936. Issue # 7.

* ZIONIST REVIEW Zionist Weekly, London. August, December. 1938. (Issues 14, 31)

* RAICES LA REVISTA JUDIA PARA EL MOMBRE DE NUESTRO TIEMPO - Issues no. 20, 21 dealing with Zionist congresses and the development of the Jewish community in Israel.

* Americaner, Tammuz 1946.

* Jewish FRONTIER October 1948, April 1950.

Overall very good condition.

Opening price: $120
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2. Collection of HADASSAH NEWS LETTER - New York. Mid-30s - early 40s

Ten rare issues of the HADASSAH NEWS LETTER - Hadassah Inc. the women's Zionist Organization of America, and Junior Hadassah. New York, 1936-1941. Printed on chrome paper. English.

The issues describe the activities of Hadassah women in Eretz Israel and for the Land of Israel, the development of the Jewish community, the problem of immigration, anti-Semitism, advertisements, and more. Accompanied by dozens of important photographs.

appear:

May 1936.
March 1937.
January, March, May, October, December 1938.
May 1939.
December 1939 - January 1940.
February 1940.
May - June 1941.

10 sheets total. overall good condition.

Opening price: $120
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3. Settlement in Israel - Four Rare Publications - Photographs

4 rare publications depicting the pioneering settlement in palestine in photographs - among, the leaders of the hebrew photographers, including Rudy Wiesenstein and Zoltan Kluger. Publications published in Israel and intended for Jewish circulation abroad. The late 30s and early 40s. English.

1-2. The land of construction - E. M. Pikovsky published. Two issues - December 1939 and December 1942. In both issues dozens of many unknown photographs by photographer Zoltan Kluger depicting the development of the Jewish community in Israel.

3. The Land of Israel . One-time publication published by Keren Hayesod, Azriel print Jerusalem 1942. Printed on fine paper and includes dozens of photographs of Hebrew settlement in Eretz Yisrael: agriculture work, Jewish factories, youth immigration and more.

4. Life in Palestine , April 1945 - Many photographs of brigade soldiers, Hebrew theater, ground work, immigration, settlement, and more.

[4] sheets. overall good - very good condition.

Opening price: $100
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4. Theodore Herzl. Lvov, early 20th century

" If I Forget You Jerusalem Forget Yemini" - Benjamin Ze'ev Herzl Tamuz 1904, a poster designed in memory of Herzl, published by " Drukarniya Lwawska" , Lvov. early 20th century. Design: A. HEGEDUS [Signed in plate], extremely rare.

In the center is a portrait of Herzl, on both sides flower pillars, a pair of lionesses, and the caption: " Benjamin Ze'ev Herzl Tammuz 20, 1904" .

Size: 30x24 cm. Folding marks, good condition.

Opening price: $150
Sold: $300

5. JNF - Early Paper Collection

40 paper items that were published in various places by the Jewish National Fund. Europe and the Land of Israel. The first decades of the 20th - 50s, some rare.

Among them: an early Herzl portrait photograph Signed back with JNF ink stamp in Lyon [France], early stamps of the JNF in Europe and Palestine, 'Tree Donation' leaves, 'JNF - souvenir for your birthday' - a unique prospect in memory of Yehoshua Hankin, 'Prayers of the Plants on Israel', designed receipts , Early Yizkor leaves, including a four-page pamphlet with the Hatikva anthem translated into Romanian, "Sacred to the Redemption of the Land", birthday greetings, and more.

Various sizes and conditions, general condition good.

Opening price: $100
Sold: $100

6. Herzl - Artistic weaving of silk, from the series 'personalities - leaders'. Romania, early 20th century

Artistic Weaving Pictures of Silk. The portrait of Herzl embroidered, in the original cardboard cover by Tesatoria Universala, Romania, early 20th century. Hebrew and Romanian.

[1] Embroidery, [4] p. Size: 23x15 cm. Very good condition.

Opening price: $80
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7. Collection of cards and Jewish paper items from the city of Lodz - 1920s and 1930s

A collection of 30 membership cards, invitations to Zionist events, donation certificates, receipts, and various personal cards belonging to Isaac Galdin - Lodz 1920s and 1930s. Most of the paper in Yiddish.

Among them: invitations to Zionist events on behalf of Po'alei Zion and the League for Palestine, receipts of the Beit Ha'am Library in Lodz, an invitation to a circumcision, a ticket to the Jewish World Congress in Lodz - July 1936, receipt from the National Fund Committee - The Zionist Histadrut in Lodz, a member card of the League for Eretz Israel working in Poland, a booklet "lodz Yudisher Komi - Farayan" 1917, and more.

general condition good.

Opening price: $120
Sold: $120

8. Collection of personal identity cards, and rare Jewish identification documents - first half of the 20th century

22 different personal identity cards of Jews, and memberships . Europe, and the countries of Islam. The first decades of the 20th century.

Among them: a membership card in the London Public Library of a Jew named Wolfen May [Born in Hamburg - Germany, immigrated to Israel after the Holocaust and worked in the naval service in Haifa], as well as his ID card with the German Reich emblem and a swastika ink stamp from 1934, an interesting certificate by a Jewish woman from Cologne (with a braid cut from the certificate holder's head, and placed at the first page), Betty Zucker ID card issued in France in 1928, a certificate from Benjamin Poisen - Frankfurt. Also, various IDs of Jews from Russia, Casablanca, Egypt, Lodz (Poland), and others appear.

Not thoroughly tested.

General condition good.

Opening price: $120
Sold: $120

9. Radomsk Jewry - Collection of Documents and Early Historical Evidence

Collection of handwritten historical testimonies from the Radmusk community. Dozens of handwritten leaves from different writers. 20s to 40s.

In order to prepare a community book for Radomsk Jewry, various testimonies were collected from Jewish residents of the city telling about the city, its people, and important events in the history of the Jewish community in it. Among other things, there is interesting testimony in the handwriting of Ze'ev Sevilovsky that tells details about the Aktion that took place in the city on Yom Kippur in 1942, testimony in the handwriting of Tuvia Rubinstein the story of Rabbi Nehemiah Zandberg, 'Memoirs and Experiences of Childhood in the City of Radomsk' in the Handwriting of Asher Yosef Pintor, Memoirs written In 1934, and more. Also, a printed map of Radomsk and its surroundings appears, dozens of [printed] photographs taken from various sources documenting the Radomsk community - some of them are handwritten in the back, and more. Most of the pages are written in Yiddish, some in Hebrew.

The collection has not been thoroughly examined. overall very good condition.

Opening price: $150
Sold: $160

10. Open protest against Isaac Greenbaum. Radomsk [1925]

Proclamation by Radomsk community leaders against Yitzhak Greenbaum, who at the Polish Sejm spoke wrongdoing against the genius Rabbi Yechiel Halevi Kestenberg, ABD Radom. Signed by the signatures of the Radom giants [in print], Rabbi Zvi Eli 'Goldblum, Rabbi Mattel Eisman, Rabbi Chaim Citron, as well as signatures the community homeowners. Radom 1925.

The Proclamation sent to the communal worker Menachem Sirk from the city of Zagiraz requesting that he sign on demonstration and to to advertise that Gruenbaum's whole intention is to bring about the honor of the rabbinate and the respect of religious Judaism in the dirt. and that in the meeting of Polish Sejm held on April 30 of that year "Pouring contempt and disgrace, gossip and falsehoods and lies about a rabbi in Israel, the Honorable Chief Rabbi Yehiel Halevi Kestenberg Sheikh Abedak Radom ... ".

Yitzhak Greenbaum [1879-1970], one of the leaders of the Zionist movement in Poland, headed a radical Zionist faction called "On the Guard." Has been a member of the Polish Sejm since 1919. Gruenbaum was a staunch opponent of Agudat Israel, in which he blamed the ultra-Orthodox over the finish line by stating that during the First World War they remained loyal to the foreign authorities in Poland (Russia, Germany and Austro-Hungary) and did not support the local independence movement. In the 1928 final election, Gruenbaum confiscated Agudat Israel's representatives, and none of the association's representatives were elected to end this election.

[1] leaf. 27x22 cm. Folding marks. Very good condition.

Opening price: $80
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11. Edmund James de Rothschild - Collection of important letters

11 important letters about donations, funds, and investments, sent to the Edmund James de Rothschild. Much of the letters appear in Rothschild's handwriting with reference to the contents of the letters he received, and instructions he wrote to himself or to the recipient, how to handle various requests addressed to him by various parties in Paris.

The letters were sent between the 1960s and the 1980s on Aerogram with French postage stamps.

The collection has not been thoroughly examined. Very good condition.

Opening price: $150
Sold: $200

12. The official Kushan on the purchase of Bab al-Khalil land out of Jaffa Gate in Jerusalem, signed by the founder of the neighborhood, the leader of the Jewish community in Jerusalem - Rabbi Yosef Rivlin. Jerusalem, 1875

The official Kushan testifies the transfer of ownership of Aben Israel neighborhood "Bab al-Khalil" land next to the Jaffa Gate in jerusalemת from Arab owners Ibrahim Zaki and Musa Araf, to the hands of Rabbi Yosef Rivlin, pioneer of land in Jerusalem, and the founder of the neighborhood in the 19th century, signed by Rivlin's hand. The year 1292 for the birth of Muhammad - 1875. Historical document - Unique and only in the world.

Kushan Ottoman, written entirely in the Turkish language, referring to the legal status of the 'Archia' area - land in Jerusalem outside Jaffa Gate. The size of the land, its boundaries, the type of land, and its ownership histories are Mentioned. And also the name of "Hujah (= Lord) Joseph Ben Ibrahim Rivlin" appears as the landlord. This was the period when Rabbi Yosef Rivlin purchased the land of the neighborhoods Mazkeret Moshe and Ahel Moshe, and the deal was made directly by him - signed with his signature 'Joseph Rivlin', as well as several lines in Turkish in the handwriting of the sellers and their seal. Rivlin [1838-1897], the leader of the Ashkenazi Yishuv in Jerusalem, the founder of the General Committee - the highest public institution in Jerusalem, one of the important figures of the Wall Exit Factory. When he was only twenty, he founded a company called "Builders of Jerusalem", whose purpose was to build houses outside the walls of the Old City. Due to his work, was called in Yiddish: "Rabbi Yoshe the Township-maker" (Rabbi Yosha builder neighborhoods). Among the neighborhoods whose establishment was directly responsible are Nahalat Shiva, Beit David, Mea She'arim, Zichron Tuvia, Shaarey Tzedek and more.

A single document in the world. Most of the Ottoman documents, especially from the 19th century, were lost in the various events.

[1] leaf 34x19 cm. Tears at margins. Paper slightly fragile. Folding marks. Small missing tears at the top. Reinforcements with adhesive paper on the back. Good - moderate condition

Opening price: $800
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13. Letter by Nachum Sokolov. Zurich, 1931

Letter in handwriting and signature of Nachum Sokolov from his stay at the Eden Hotel in Zurich in 1931. Written on an official stationery of the EDEN Hotel in Zurich.

In his letter, Sokolov thanked friends for hosting and detailing the strengthening of the Zionist movement.

[1] Official stationery page of the Eden Hotel in Zurich, 19x14 cm. Wooden frame and glass 21x28 cm. Folding marks, Stains, good condition.

Opening price: $100
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14. "We will not acquire a position of honor among all nations by force, but in our spirit, in our Torah and in our art". Historical letter by Prof. Boris Schatz on the future existence of the Bezalel School of Art

A letter written after Boris Schatz's visit to America to bring publicity to Bezalel School among American Jewry, while Bezalel was on the verge of closure. The letter was written at an economically difficult time for the school, and it shows Schatz's efforts to produce new sources of support that will guarantee Bezalel's existence over the years. Signed by Schatz's signature. May 1927.

In his letter written after returning from America where he spent more than a year arranging important exhibitions, Schatz opens the gospel that: "The results of the exhibitions were that I sold everything I brought with me from Bezalel works and Bezalel's name was widely publicized." Schatz adds that the exhibitions held in America: 'Respect the Hebrew people by the Hebrew art we create. We do not acquire a position of honor by force among all peoples, but in our spirit, in our Torah and in our art. " Schatz expresses concern about the financial future of the school, as its main focus is on instituting the art profession for the younger generation and not the bargaining and selling of the works that are done in it. Schatz announces that for that matter he is now resurrecting the 'Bezalel Company' which was idle during World War I. The goal of of the company is that every member in it pays a symbolic annual payment and in return receives an award from Bezalel Works whose value is equal to the annual payment he will pay. That year, Schatz offered a prize for a tiny scroll of Esther painted on a parchment in a silver case and a work of filigree. He adds that in a few years, anyone will be able to win a private Bezalel Art Room at their home from the same awards he will receive each year. And says that a lot of members in America have already signed up for the "Company." Schatz's signature on the end of the letter.

The Bezalel School of Art experienced a severe economic crisis in 1926 and in fact closed for the first time in 1928. That year it reopened when a new source of donations was created, but finally closed in 1929. Schatz and his son traveled to the United States in a recent attempt to save the school, He toured the various cities of Great America with an exhibition of Bezalel artifacts and his own works packed in a trailer drawn behind a car, please raise funds to continue the school's existence. In his will he confessed that there was another reason for his long trip - his miserable relationship with his wife in those days. The letter before us was written at the time of the school's dying paraphrases and became one of the last attempts to address the serious economic problem it was experiencing in those days.

[1] Official Bezalel leaf 31x23 cm. Filing holes. Good condition.

Opening price: $100
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15. 'The Great Disaster That Comes to the Jews of Germany Engages Every Jewish Heart.' Newspaper Davar for children report on "Israel's trouble in Germany". December 1938

Newspaper "Davar for children" date: December 29, 1938, reporting the "Great Disaster Coming to the Jews of Germany", using the word "Holocaust" at a relatively early stage - An early report on Kristallnacht.

On page 3 a great article describing the Holocaust of the Jews of Germany, using this word "Holocaust", before the outbreak of World War II, and before the great killings and deportations to the camps: "The Holocaust that reached Israel's exile in Germany shocked and once again appalled the hearts of Israel's scattered people and the hearts of the good people in the States of freedom. For five years, hundreds of thousands of Jews in Germany have been brutally persecuted on the neck, but the evil government has not stop. By provoking the humiliating cravings of the masses, they rebelled against the Israeli communities, and rioted that aim to bring them annihilation" .The writer goes on to describe the disturbances made in the houses of Israel and the Kristallnacht that happened a month before: "The houses of Israel suddenly attacked before the eyes authorities, the property was looted to greedy men, old and young brutally beaten and on woman and orphan they didn't mercy... Thousands of Jews were put to death in dungeons and many fled to the darkness of the forests. The unclean hands burned the synagogues with all the sacred things in them (Referring to Kristallnacht), and the cry of Israel in Germany rose to the heart of the sky, and the German government demonstrated its power and level of culture, to the whole enlightened world, with its hands exiled in Israel's blood and its lap robbed therIsrael's property ... "

Going forward, the writer extends the demand to open the gates of the country to German refugees, and the British government demands to grant a demand for the granting of licenses to ten thousand jewish children in Germany, and calls for information gatherings on the matter.

16 p. complete sheet. Few stains. Good condition.

Opening price: $100
Sold: $100

16. Two issues of the British "Die Zeit" - the midst of the Holocaust

Two jewish times. Issue dated Av 8th - July 22, 1942 / Issue of 16th of Tevet - February 13, 1941.

Reports on what is happening on the Nazi front "Wei Di Nazis". Special mention of victims on the occasion of Tisha B'Av on the following day, "Tisha B'Av in Remembrance of the Victims", "On the Order to Spit the Nazis", "Hitler's Planner" - Hitler Plan, and more.

Tears at margins. Brown paper. Good condition.

Opening price: $80
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17. Edouard Drumont, Jewish France Paris, 1886, first edition

La France Juive - Jewish France - A Treatise on Contemporary History By Edouard Drumont. Published by FLAMMARION Paris 1886.

The anti-Semitic book of Edward Drumont (1844-1917). The bestseller through which Drumont bought his fame in the world. The book is a kind of "Shulchan Aruch" for hatred of Jews and sold within a year about 100,000 copies. Drumont, who was enthusiastic about his growing publication, called anti-Semitism "the beautiful hatred", In his anti-Semitic descriptions he mentioned, among other things, the epidemics of jaundice and anemia that in his opinion were created by affecting Jewish parasites and weakening the "noble races" [Theory of Nazi Anti-Semitism Distributors in Germany before the Holocaust]. Dremont also blames the Jews for the moral low of all of Europe by the secret conspiracy theory shared by the Jews. He also blames the Jews for all the troubles of France and calls for their removal from French society. The great publication of the book gave Drimon a worldwide name - Until 1945 the book was printed in about two hundred editions.

Edouard Drumont [Edouard Adolphe Drumont 1844-1917] founded the Anti-Semitic League of France, published the anti-Semitic newspaper 'La libre Parole' wrote pamphlets and published many books against the Jews. At the time of the publication of the Dreyfus Affair, he was one of the greatest proponents of hatred who took a sharp and hostile stand against Dreyfus and the Jews in general, and called for the departure of Jewish officers from the French army .

308 pages. 18 cm. Gilt lettering and gold rings on spine, leather spine, stains, good condition.

Opening price: $150
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18. Antisemitic election poster - Adolf Willett

An election poster designed by Adolf Willette - an anti-Semitic French artist who ran in the 1889 election in France. The banner reads: entworfen und gezeichnet von dem antisemitic handidaten adolf willette [Designed and painted by anti-Semitic candidate Adolf Willett], published by his opponents who called him 'anti-Semitic'. Germany, the first decades of the 20th century.

An antisemitic illustration by Wilette - French figures holding war tools, at their feet a stone in the form of broken tablets and the caption: "The Talmud". In the middle, a Jew holding an umbrella and floating with wigs and stereotypical nose, and the anti-Semitic inscription to the electorate: "It is not a matter of religion. The Jew belongs to another race and he is our enemy ... I give you the opportunity to protest with me against the tyranny of the Jews ...".

36x28 cm. Slight tears at edges. Folding mark in the senter. Reinforcements with adhesive paper on the back.

Opening price: $100
Sold: $100

19. Three antisemitic sheets of French Le Pelerin, Late 19th and early 20th century

Four issues of the French Le Pelerin newspaper with large anti-Semitic cartoons in each issue - on the cover page or the last page. Combining European anti-Semitism with medieval Christian anti-Semitism - the line that guided the weekly in its early years.

* A September 27, 1896 issue on the cover page depicts a stereotypical jews father and son in the face of various images depicting anti-Semitic scenes: Dreyfus, a Jew accompanied by interest, Jesus and the Jews, and more, And the father supposedly asks his son which one he wants. (Illustrator A. LEMOT)

* Issue of April 17, 1904. On the last page a large cartoon showing Jesus crucified with the shadow of the cross on the hill. At the foot of the shadow stands a Jew trying to sweep and erase the shadow (supposedly the many years of Christianity's influence), and the accompanying anti-Semitic caption: "It's a extraordinary, the more I rub, the less it goes away."

* November 22, 1908. On the last page is a large cartoon depicting Jews in stereotypical faces holding silver sacks and anarchy-expressing leaflets. Below is the anti-Semitic inscription allegedly said by the Jews: "The testimony. This France, which we did everything to demolish, still has a soul. It will return ...".

* Issue of July 1, 1923. At the cover of the issue, the crucified Jesus appears to be on fire in a fireplace with a large pot and the antisemitic caption: "The Miracle of Signs: A Christian Comes to Collect the Followed Host from the Blood That the Jew Threw".

Le Pèlerin is a weekly French newspaper that began on July 12, 1873. It is considered the first French magazine in color. It was founded by the Bayard Presse journalist group, which was the initial nucleus. For the first few decades, the newspaper ran an anti-Semitic line and from time to time cartoons accused Jews of the ills of French society, followed by religious accusations of Jesus And Christianity. Throughout the 20th century, the weekly trend was more moderate.

Whole sheets. general condition good.

Opening price: $100
Sold: $100

20. Cartoons mocking Emil Zola from the French Le Rire

A serialization story accompanied by cartoons mocking Emil Zola and his support for Dreyfus from the French 'Le Rire' newspaper. The 1890s.

"Le-Rire" was a satirical weekly rich in illustrations and cartoons. The newspaper ratio for the Dreyfus affair was relatively moderate, and changed from time to time.

[1] leaf. 30x22 cm. Very good condition.

Opening price: $50
Sold: $50

21. Dreyfus Affair - A Serialized Story. Complete set. The 1920s

DREYFUS - Le calvaire d'un innocent. Dreyfus Affair - The Story of the Innocent Publishing by LE BONHEUR DU FOYER, The 1920s. Including the rare color title page. a complete set

The Dreyfus Affair from beginning to end in the form of a popular novel for the youth according to the historical Dreyfus affair. The novel was published in France in the 1920s and emerged as a serialized story. before us a complete set of brochures 1-84. The cover pages are all illustrated on entire page on the topic of the chapter. rare.

Does not appear in the 'Dreyfus Affair and its reflection in literature in art and the media' 1991. As a rule, individual pamphlets from the series can be found. It is rare to find the complete set. Does not appear in the National Library. (See DYNASTY auction No. 2, Item 37. Another Series Released in France).

1343 p. 26 cm. (Continuous page numbering for all brochures.) Good condition.

Opening price: $200
Sold: $320

22. Cartoons Against Emil Zola - Postcard Collection. c -1900

14 undivided back postcards featuring cartoons against Emil Zola by illustrator Lebourgeois [signed in plate]. A rare series that went out at the a Zola trial for libel was found guilty, sentenced to a year in prison and fined, removed from the Legion of Honor and fled to England.

Zola's own books are used in Cartoons postcard and also in testimonials from Dreyfus trial. In one, Zola is seen running away from France with a local soldier chasing him, in another he is shown inside a prison cell with mice near his feet, a cartoon featuring Zola hitting a clown on a drum that reads: "J'Accuse" ["I blame" - Zola's famous article was published in January 1898], And more.

The Zola's Cartoons Series by illustrator Lebourgeois Was published in the book "Zola in 32 cartoons", in Paris 1898 [see Dynasty auction # 3 item 21], and soon the cartoons appeared in the postcards of the period.

14 undivided postcards, not mailed. Very good condition.

Opening price: $100
Sold: $200

23. Emile Zola - Real Photo Postcard. c 1890

Emil Zola in his study while he was in Brussels - a Real photo postcard - Undivided back, c- 1890.

An unknown photograph, which Zola looks while browsing the book, sits at a table wrapped in carpet and various decorative items.

Emil Zola - a French writer and publicist. In 1898, Zola set out to fight the war of the French Jewish officer, Alfred Dreyfus, who was charged with treason in his homeland for wrongdoing. Emil Zola initiated his actions to prove Alfred Dreyfus's innocence following the material he had collected on the subject of Jewish writer Bernard Lazar. In a series of famous articles The most famous of which was "J'accuse" - 'I blame' on Clemenco's paper, Emil Zola proved Alfred Dreyfus innocent. Following his intervention in the affair, he lost many of his readers, but did not stop writing until the day he died In Paris on September 29, 1902 by carbon monoxide poisoning caused by a chimney obstruction. Accusations that his enemies were responsible for this have not been proven.

9x14 cm. Not sent by mail. Very good condition.

Opening price: $50
Sold: $50

24. The Dreyfus Affair - Collection of Postcards

30 postcards with photographs and illustrations of the key figures in the Dreyfus affair. Various printing and places, late 19th and early 20th century.

In the collection, postcards accompanying the affair from beginning to end, some by Dreyfus' supporters and some by his opponents. Among, real photo postcards from the honorific ceremony held for Dreyfus after his acquittal in the courtyard of the Ecole Militaire, as well as postcards with illustrations and cartoons of Alfred Dreyfus, Emil Zola, Ferdinand Esterhazi, Georges Picard, Laburi, Clemenco, and others.

19 undivided, 6 mailed, overall good condition.

Opening price: $300
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